ANTHROPOLOGY (303)
Note: There will be one Question Paper which will have 50 questions out of which 40 questions need to be attempted.
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including past human species.
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Unit-1: |
PhysicalAnthropology: |
(i) Preliminary knowledge Humankinetics.Mendel's Laws heredity Monohybridand Dihybrid ratio.
(ii)DefinitionofRaceandRacial criteria,significance of skin color,Eye forman color,Headform, andABa blood groups as racial criteria.
(iii) Racial classification,distinctivephysicalfeaturesandgeographicaldistributionofthemajorracialgroups of man:Caucasoid,Mongoloid,Negroid andAustraloid. |
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Unit-2: |
Prehistoric Archaeology: |
(i) ToolMaking:Techniques Of Manufacturing Core and flake tools, primary and secondary flaking,pressure flaking,grinding and polishing.Materials Used In Making Prehistoric Tools.
(ii)Tool Families:Pebble Tools,Hand Axe,Cleaver,Scrapers,Microliths,Points,Blades,Awl,Graver,Celts, Sickles, Spear-head,Arrow-head andBone tools. (iii)PrehistoricCultures:AbriefoutlineofthefollowingprehistoricculturesofthePaleolithic,Mesolithic and Neolithic periods- (iv) Acomparativestudyofthe salientfeaturesofPaleolithic andNeolithic cultures |
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Unit-3: |
Material culture and economic Anthropology : |
(i) Economic life:meaning and aspects, characteristic features of primitive or simple economic sys- tem.
(ii) Subsistence Economy:domestication of animals-pastoralism,agriculture-shifting cultivation,horti- culture, terrace cultivation and plough cultivation.
(iii) Briefoutlineofthemethodsofhunting,fishingandagriculturewithreferencetoVariouscommunities of North East India asfar as practicable. |
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Unit-4: |
SocialAnthropology and Ethnography: |
A : Social Anthropology : (i) Family:Definition,formsandtypes:nuclearfamily,jointfamily,familyoforientation,familyof procreation, monogamousandpolygamous(polygynous andpolyandrous).
(ii) Clustered Relationship In A nuclear family.
(iii) Rules Of Residence:Patrilocal,matrilocal,neolocal,avancolocal,bi-local,matri patrilocal.Rule Of Descent: Patrilineal and matrilineal descent. (iv) Functions Of Family,socialnature family.
B : Ethnography :
(i) A Brief outline of the land and people ofNorth-EastIndia.
(ii) Studyofmaterialcultureandeconomiclifeofthefollowingcommunities (iii) TheGaro:ShiftingorJhumcultivation. (iv) TheMishing:
Ploughcultivation (v) Astudyofsocial organization oftheAoNaga and theApatani. |
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Unit-5: |
Ecology : |
(i) Meaning And Definition Of Ecology and environment.
(ii) Elements Of the environment:Solid,liquid, and gas.
(iii) Physicalorabioticenvironment,biologicalorbioticenvironmentandsocioculturalenvironment. (iv) Man as the main agent to disturb the ecological balance.
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Tips for ANTHROPOLOGY
1. Focus on the Important Topics
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Anthropology has various important topics in both Paper 1 and Paper 2. One of the most scoring topics in this subject is Genetics and tribal names, culture, and history.
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For Genetics, you can go through the online resources as given above. Focus on genetic inheritance, DNA methylation, and its effect on gene expressions. Also, look up and do thorough research on the epigenome.
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Accordingly, you need to learn about all the tribe names in India along with their case studies. Look out for reforms, current affairs, and other related topics.
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Apart from this, other important and high scoring topics such as Applied Anthropology, Primatology, Fossils, Social Institutions, Village Studies, Sanskritization, Indian Social Systems (like Jajmani System), Indian Prehistory, etc.
2. Study Online Resources Extensively
Go through the online resources mentioned in the previous section. This will help you to brush up on the latest statistics and news related to Anthropology.
Do not forget to go through the Xaxa committee report for studying the topics related to Tribes in India. The online resource for Genetics is important as well.
3. Practice Diagram Questions
There are a few diagram questions in Anthropology Optional that can be quite scoring. You should also attempt these questions before attempting others.
Hence, you need to practice diagram questions extensively. These include flowcharts as well. Generally, their answers are static, direct, and factual in nature.
4. Practice Previous Year Question Papers
Make sure that you practice previous year question papers and mock tests as well. This can help to identify the important sections of the Anthropology optional subject.
For diagrams, you have to practice it enough to make it clean and attractive. Using colored pencils can help to score additional marks due to neatness.
5. Make Notes and Practice Answer Writing
Additionally, you can practice answer writing to make your time management better. Make notes of important things and quote the examples, illustrations, and definitions as said by that particular anthropologist.